Western music has a complex hierarchical structure that is largely learned tacitly, like the grammar of natural languages. This structure is not captured by standard representations such as staff notation or the "piano roll" of the digital audio workstation. We have designed software tools that provide more direct representation of musical structure, greatly simplifying the business of music making, and expanding the expressive resources available to both trained and nontrained musicians. We believe this approach has the potential to transform the world of music software.